PURPOSE The purpose of the Acid and Caustic System is to supply Hydrochloric Acid and Caustic Soda solutions to the Weak Acid Cation Softener system for resin Regeneration, and to the Neutralization System for pH neutralization of the WAC system waste liquid prior to disposal. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Acid and Caustic System. Describe the operation of…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Acid and Caustic System is to supply Hydrochloric Acid and Caustic Soda solutions to the Weak Acid Cation Softener system for resin Regeneration, and to the Neutralization System for pH neutralization of the WAC system waste liquid prior to disposal. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Acid and Caustic System. List the main components…
PURPOSE The purpose of a Barrier Fluid System is to supply clean, pressurized barrier fluid to Pump mechanical seals. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of a Barrier Fluid System. List the main components of a typical Barrier Fluid System. List the two essential properties of a barrier fluid. Explain how the barrier fluid pressure and temperature is controlled. And, describe…
In the Contendo Fundamentals of SAGD Bitumen Processing course, you will learn how the recovered SAGD emulsions are processed to remove water and vapor components, how the remaining heavy oil is diluted for transportation, and how any off-spec product is recycled and reprocessed to meet Sales Oil specifications. Also covered are the systems required for control and processing of recovered…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Blowdown and Boiler Feed Water Disposal System is to collect blowdown from the steam generation system and excess produced water, neutralize and filter the wastewater and dispose of the water via injection into a well. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Blowdown and Boiler Feed Water Disposal System, Explain how water pH is adjusted…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Boiler Feed Water Heat Exchangers is to preheat the low pressure boiler feed water, to increase the steam generation and SAGD process efficiencies. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Boiler Feed Water Heat Exchangers, Describe where the Boiler Feed Water Heat Exchangers are installed in the boiler water system, Describe the sources and destinations…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Critical Fuel Gas system is to provide fuel gas to users that are considered critical to Central Processing Facility operation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Critical Fuel Gas system. State the purpose of the Critical Fuel Gas Heater. Describe the operation of the Flare header Purge Gas valve. State the purpose of the…
PURPOSE The purpose of De-oiling Polymer is to destabilize the emulsion within the Induced Gas Flotation unit, allowing oil droplets to more easily coagulate and attach to gas bubbles, resulting in increased separation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe how de-oiling polymer acts to cause oil droplets to coagulate and attach to bubbles in the IGF unit, Describe a typical de-oiling polymer injection…
PURPOSE The purpose of density adjustment is to reduce the density and viscosity of the bitumen in order to enhance oil and water phase separation, and to meet the pipeline specifications for transportation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe how the diluent supply is delivered to the site. Describe a diluent storage system. Describe how diluent is supplied to the process. And explain…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss why density adjustment of the recovered bitumen is necessary, and the products used as Diluent LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the API Gravity scale, Explain why blending Diluent into the Bitumen stream is necessary for successful SAGD operation. And, Explain the difference between Dilbit and Synbit.
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the types and characteristics of emulsions, how they are formed, and why they need to be broken. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define Emulsion. Describe how a SAGD emulsion is formed. Describe the types of SAGD emulsions. Describe the difference between a weak and a strong emulsion. Describe the general characteristics of a substance…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Flare system is to provide a safe means of collection and disposal for purge gases, waste products and relief vapors from the Central Processing Facility. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Flare system, State the main components of the Flare system, State why the Flare system must be continuously purged with fuel gas, Explain…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Flash Gas system is to condense and recover steam and hydrocarbon condensate liquids from the vapor stream leaving the Flash Treater. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Flash Gas system. Describe how the temperature of the Flash Gas stream exiting the Flash Gas Condenser is maintained. Describe the Flash Gas Separator and its outlet…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Flash Treater is to vaporize and remove water and light hydrocarbons from the slop oil stream to meet sales oil specifications. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Flash Treater, Describe how the Flash Treater produces sales quality oil, Describe how the flow of oil into the Flash Treater is pre-heated. Describe how the oil…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Gas Boot Compression Package is to remove gas from the Gas Boot to maintain the low operating pressure in the Gas Boot necessary for stabilization, and to compress the gas for use in the fuel gas system. he purpose of the Gas Boot Compression Package is to remove gas from the Gas Boot to maintain…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Gas Boot Condenser and Knock Out is to condense and remove liquids from the vapor stream that is recovered from the Sales Oil during stabilization. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Gas Boot Condenser Package. Explain why vapor cooling is required downstream of the Gas Boot Compressor. State where liquids removed from the Gas…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Gas Boot system is to stabilize the dilbit stream to a specific temperature and pressure to meet Sales Oil specifications. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Gas Boot. State why it is important to cool the dilbit before stabilization. Explain why the dilbit leaving the Sales Oil Trim Cooler is under pressure control. Explain…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Production Manifold and Group Separator System is to receive all the produced liquids from the production wells, to separate the field gas from the produced liquids, and to send the separate liquid and gas streams to the Central Processing Facility via the gathering system pipelines. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Production Manifold and…
PURPOSE The purpose of the High Pressure Boiler Feed Water System is to supply treated high pressure boiler feed water to the Central Processing Facility Steam Generators. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the High Pressure Boiler Feed Water system. Describe the low pressure and high pressure boiler feed water circuits. Describe the function of the Lube Oil Package provided…
PURPOSE The purpose of the High Pressure, Medium Pressure and Low Pressure Steam System is to remove water from the high pressure steam supplied to the injection wells, so that the injected steam is dry, and to produce medium pressure steam and low pressure steam for process and utility use. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the High Pressure, Medium…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Sludge Centrifuge system is to separate the sludge generated in the Lime Softening process into disposable dewatered sludge and reusable supernatant water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener Sludge Centrifuge system, Explain why flushing capability is built into the design of Sludge Handling equipment, Explain how a centrifuge speeds up gravity…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Sludge Handling system is to receive and hold the sludge generated in the Lime Softening process until it can be transferred to the Sludge Centrifuge for separation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener Sludge Handling system, Define a Supernatant liquid, Describe the operation of the Sludge Transfer Pump, State the purpose…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Supernatant system is to receive and hold the supernatant water recovered from the Sludge Centrifuge, and to transfer the Supernatant to the Hot Lime Softener for processing. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener Supernatant system, Define Supernatant water, Describe the equipment included in the Supernatant system, Explain how the Supernatant Standpipe…
PURPOSE The purpose of Chemical Addition to the Hot Lime Softening process is to create the required chemical conditions for water softening and clarification. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of Chemical Addition to the Hot Lime Softener, Describe how Lime, Magnesium Oxide and Flocculant chemicals are delivered to the Hot Lime Softener, State how Lime and Magnesium Oxide dust is…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Hot Lime Softener is to reduce the amounts of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hardness, Silica, trace oil, and other suspended solids in water destined for use as Boiler Feed Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener, Describe the basic SAGD water cycle, State the key level that must be maintained in the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Hot Lime Softener is to remove Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hardness, Silica, other suspended solids, and trace Oil from water destined for use as Boiler Feed Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener, State the three main processes that occur within the Hot Lime Softener, Name six Zones or Compartments within the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Hot Lime Softener is to remove Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hardness, Silica, other suspended solids, and trace Oil from water destined for use as Boiler Feed Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener, State the three main processes that occur within the Hot Lime Softener, State the purpose of sludge recirculation, Describe…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon deposits. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define hydrocarbons, Define Organic Chemistry, Describe the property common to hydrocarbons that makes them a dominant energy resource. And, Describe how organic matter was changed to hydrocarbon.
PURPOSE The purpose of the IGF Unit is to remove trace oil and suspended solids from the Produced Water stream prior to filtration in the Oil Removal Filters. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Induced Gas Flotation unit, Explain how the IGF Produced Water flow is controlled, Describe the impact of the operating speed of the IGF Discharge Pump…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to describe the principles of Induced Gas Flotation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State why Natural Gas is the typical choice for induction in SAGD applications, Describe the basic Induced Gas Flotation process. Describe how bubble size and oil droplet size influence separation efficiency, State the 2 common types of gas induction methods, And, State the…
PURPOSE The purpose of Ion Exchange Softening is to provide boiler feed water quality water by removing calcium and magnesium hardness. Steam generator boiler feed water specifications typically require less than 0.1 parts per million of total dissolved hardness. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of Ion Exchange Softening, State the reason hardness ions must be removed from the steam generator…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Lift Gas System is to supply natural gas, at the required temperature and pressure, to the producer wells to help lift produced liquids to the surface. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Lift Gas System. Explain how lift gas is used to stimulate well production flows. Explain the effects of insufficient or excess lift…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Lime Softener Filters is to remove any suspended solid particles carried in the softened water from the Hot Lime Softener, before the water enters the Weak Acid Cation Softener package. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Lime Softener Filter package, Describe the internals of a typical Lime Softener Filter, Describe how water flow is…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Low Pressure Boiler Feed Water System is to store treated boiler feed water from the Weak Acid Cation Softener Package, and supply low pressure boiler feed water to the Steam Generators, the WAC softeners during regeneration, and for utility use. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Low Pressure Boiler Feed Water system, Describe how…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Main Fuel Gas system is to provide purge, blanketing, make-up and fuel gas to the CPF process users. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the main fuel gas system. State why the main fuel gas flow is heated. State why the blanket gas supply to the FWKO and Treater is taken off prior to the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Make-up Water system is to provide supplementary water for use in the Hot Lime Softener. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Make-up Water system, Describe how the well Make-up Water Control Logic communicates with the facility PCS, Explain how the Logic changes the Make-up Water flow rate, Describe the Make-up Water flow recycle loop,…
PURPOSE The purpose of the mixed fuel gas separator is to remove the liquids entrained in the combined stream of fuel and process gases before it is used as fuel gas in the CPF steam generators. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Mixed Fuel Gas Separator. Describe the sources of the Mixed Fuel Gas stream. State why it is…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Neutralization System is to receive the liquid regeneration waste from the Weak Acid Cation softener units, to neutralize the waste pH, and transfer the neutralized waste to the Regen Waste Disposal System. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Neutralization System, Explain why the pH of regeneration waste liquid must be neutralized, State the typical…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the production of oil for commercial purposes. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe a basic drilled oil well, Define Conventional and Unconventional Oil, Describe Primary Oil Recovery methods, Describe Secondary Oil Recovery methods, Describe Tertiary Oil Recovery methods, And, List 5 factors that affect the Reservoir Quality.
PURPOSE The purpose of an ORF Backwash is to regenerate the ORF Filter bed by washing trapped oil and solids from the Filter media. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of an ORF Backwash, Describe the various options used for determining when a Filter Backwash is required, And, Describe the basic steps involved in a Backwash, specifying the flows and actions…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Oil Removal Filters is to remove residual oil and solids from the Produced Water to meet specification for re-use or disposal. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of Oil Removal Filters in a Produced Water De-oiling train, State why walnut or pecan shells are used as the filter media in an Oil Removal Filter, State the…
PURPOSE The purpose of a Once Through Steam Generator in a SAGD facility is to produce 80 percent quality high pressure steam. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of a Once Through Steam Generator in a SAGD facility, Describe the main process and gas flows associated with the steam generator, State the purpose of the Convection Section, Radiant Section and Combustion…
Contendo's Confined Space Awareness Training Course has been designed to create a safer environment for workers who must work in or around confined spaces. Since confined spaces pose such unique hazards to human health, it is very important to follow the rules and regulations in regards to working in or around confined spaces. By taking this course, and following your…
Contendo's Online Fall Awareness Course is intended to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of fall protection in the workplace. This course will cover a number of different facets of fall protection. We will look at the methods and equipment designed to prevent falls. We will also look at the equipment used to protect workers if they do fall. This…
WHMIS 2015 by Contendo will introduce materials, highlight their risks, and state the necessary precautions that need to be taken when handling them. It will also outline the requirements of producers or distributors of hazardous materials.
Contendo's Online Hazard Awareness Course has been created to teach you about Hazard Assessments. You will learn about identifying various types of hazards, how to assess them, and some of the methods used to eliminate or control those hazards. Having a good hazard management system in the workplace can significantly reduce, if not eliminate, many of the dangers found in…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Pad Steam System is to deliver high pressure steam from the Central Processing Facility to the well pads for use as injection steam, as well as pad utility and heating steam. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Pad Steam System. Describe the system that is in place to isolate the high pressure steam pipeline…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Pop Tank is to accept relief and drain flows from well pad equipment and piping. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Pop Tank, List the flows that are routed into the Pop Tank ,Describe the Pop Tank heating system, Explain how the Pop Tank level is monitored, And, describe how the Pop Tank is…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how process heat is recovered, and how liquids are condensed, from the produced gas stream in the produced gas condenser and trim condenser. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the purpose of the Produced Gas system. Identify the source and components that make up the Produced Gas. Explain how heat energy is recovered from…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Produced Gas Separator is to remove liquids from the gas stream, in order to provide dry fuel gas to the Central Processing Facility Fuel Gas System. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the purpose and design of the Produced Gas Separator, State the destinations of the 3 streams exiting the Produced Gas Separator, Describe how the liquid hydrocarbon…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Produced Water Cooling train is to reduce the temperature of the Oily Produced Water to a set point prior to entering the Skim Tank, to avoid flashing the Produced Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the sources of the Oily Produced Water to be cooled, Explain why the Produced Water requires cooling prior to entering the Skim…
In the Contendo Fundamentals of SAGD Produced Water De-oiling course, you will learn how water recovered from the SAGD emulsions is processed to remove oil and solids, how precipitation softening is performed, and how the produced water is deaerated in preparation for use as facility Boiler Feed Water.
PURPOSE The purpose of the Produced Water Tank system is to hold Produced Water, and to supply feed water at specified pressure and temperature to the Hot Lime Softener, or HLS. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Produced Water Tank system, Describe the Produced Water Tank gas blanket system, Describe the Produced Water Tank sampling system, Describe how separated…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Recycle Tank is to accept various oily water streams with intermittent or fluctuating flow rates, to provide oil skimming of separated oil, and to act as an equalization tank to provide stable Produced Water flow to the Skim Tank. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Recycle Tank system, Describe why the Recycle Tank liquid…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Regeneration Waste Water Disposal System is to collect neutralized regeneration waste from the WAC softener units, filter the waste water, and dispose of the water via injection into a deep well. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Regeneration Waste Water Disposal System, Explain how regeneration waste liquid enters the Regeneration Waste Water Disposal System,…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the formation of Hydrocarbon deposits, or Reservoirs. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define porosity, Define permeability, Describe the characteristics of good reservoir rock. Describe fluid migration from source rock to reservoir rock. Describe 3 types of petroleum trap. And, Explain the API Gravity scale, and how it relates to water.
The SAGD Oil Sands Training Course is a fully animated, universally accessible online training program that provides its students with an in depth understanding of one of the Oil Sands most popular and most nuanced method of bitumen recovery; Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage, or SAGD. With a curriculum written by experienced industry experts and accurate visualizations and animated chapters, you…
In the Contendo Fundamentals of SAGD Water Treatment course, you will learn how De-oiled Produced Water is softened to Boiler Feed Water specification, how the soft water is treated and processed to Low Pressure Boiler Feed Water, how it is pre-heated and increased in pressure to High Pressure Boiler Feed Water, and how the generated high-pressure steam is let down…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Sales and Off-Spec Oil system is to provide a storage buffer for sales oil between the Bitumen processing train and the product pipeline, and to provide off-spec sales oil storage and recycling capability. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Sales and Off-Spec Oil system, State the approximate water content limit for Sales Oil, State…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Sales Oil and LACT system is to ensure the Sales Oil entering the Sales Oil Pipeline meets all specifications. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Sales Oil and LACT system. Define the meaning of the acronym LACT. Describe the criteria for pipeline quality sales oil. State the purpose of the Shipping Booster Pump. Describe…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the Sales Oil Stabilization process. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define stabilized crude oil, Define Sales Oil, Describe how the sales oil is stabilized in the Gas Boot, Explain why it is important to cool the sales oil before it enters the Gas Boot, Define vapor pressure, And, Explain why inadequate stabilization can result…
PURPOSE The purpose of the bitumen inlet section is to prepare the produced fluid stream from the wells for separation in the Free Water Knock Out. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the composition of the produced fluids entering the CPF. State the purpose of flowing the produced fluids through an inlet separator. Describe a produced liquids cooling section, and state why it…
PURPOSE The purpose of Demulsifier injection is to aid in breaking water-in-oil emulsions in the time frame allowed by the oil-water separation process. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the type of emulsion that Demulsifier is designed to break. Describe a typical demulsifier injection system. Explain how the demulsifier pump injection rate is calibrated. And, Describe options for controlling the demulsifier injection rate.
PURPOSE The purpose of the Free Water Knock Out is to provide preliminary separation of the produced emulsion received from the well pads. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain how diluent and oil treatment chemicals enhance the separation process in the Free Water Knock Out. Describe a typical Free Water Knock Out pressure control system. Describe a basic Free Water Knock Out dilbit…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how demulsifying chemicals are used to aid the oil-water separation process, and to examine the operation of a typical Reverse Demulsifier Injection System. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain how chemical demulsifiers aid in breaking emulsions. State the type of emulsion that Reverse Demulsifier is designed to break. Explain the consequences of adding too…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the main types of separators found in SAGD operations, and to explain their basic operating principles. LEARNING OBJECTIVES escribe a separator and explain how it works. List the types of separators routinely used in a SAGD operation. Describe the variables which influence separation speed, and state which variable is most significant.…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Treater system is to remove residual moisture from wet dilbit and recycled off-spec sales oil, to meet the sales oil specification for water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the purpose of the Treater system. Describe the purpose of the Treater Feed Cooler. Describe why two chambers are required in an electrostatic treater. Explain why degassing chamber pressure…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to examine treater design and operating principles. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Treater system. Describe a typical emulsion entering the Treater. Describe the dilbit leaving the Treater. Describe two types of Treaters. Explain how the effect of an electrostatic field on a water droplet enhances the coalescence process. Name two types…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Skim Oil Handling system is to receive all oil skimmed from the Skim Tank and Recycle Tank, and to transfer the oil to the Slop Tank for reprocessing. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Skim Oil handling system, State the two sources of skimmed oil transferred by the Skim Oil Pump, And, describe the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Skim Tank is to act as the primary gravity separation vessel in the Produced Water De-oiling train, providing retention time to separate the oil and water phases in the Oily Produced Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Skim Tank. State the relationship between the separation rate and the size of the droplets to…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Slop Tank is to collect a number of possible feed streams that are high in oil or chemical content, as well as interface emulsions, and to hold these liquids so that gravity separation of the water and oil can occur. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Slop Tank, Describe the possible sources and types…
PURPOSE The purpose of a Steam Trap is to remove condensate and gases from steam lines, steam heaters and separators, with negligible loss of live steam. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define water hammer and steam hammer, and explain why they must be avoided. State the purpose of a stream trap. List the three primary categories of steam traps. Describe the basic operating…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Test Separator is to separate the produced emulsion from an individual well into liquid and vapor phases for Well Testing. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Test Separator. Describe how wells are lined up to the Test Separator. Describe how the liquid level within the Test Separator is maintained. Explain how the Test Separator…
PURPOSE The purpose of the VRU Compressor and Discharge handling system is to compress the collected hydrocarbon vapors, to separate the streams components for reuse, and to reduce the amount sent to Flare. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the VRU Compressor, Describe the VRU Compressor Ring Water supply loop, Describe how the VRU Compressor is prevented from drawing a…
PURPOSE The purpose of hydrocarbon Vapor Recovery from the SAGD process is to recover as much of the usable hydrocarbon vapors vented from the CPF process vessels as possible, to compress the vapors for reuse, and to reduce the amount sent to Flare. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of Vapor Recovery from the SAGD process, State the sources of the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Weak Acid Cation Softener package is to provide boiler feed water quality water by removing calcium and magnesium hardness. Steam generator boiler feed water specifications typically require less than 0.1 parts per million of total dissolved hardness. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Weak Acid Cation softener package, List the conditions that may indicate…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Weak Acid Cation Softener package is to provide boiler feed water quality water by removing calcium and magnesium hardness. Steam generator boiler feed water specifications typically require less than 0.1 parts per million of total dissolved hardness. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Weak Acid Cation softener package. Explain why water from the Hot…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Warm Lime Softener is to remove Hardness, Silica, other suspended solids, and trace Oil from water destined for use as Boiler Feed Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Warm Lime Softener, Name three main differences between a Hot and Warm Lime Softener, Describe the basic operating parameters of the Warm Lime Softener, Name…
PURPOSE The purpose of Water Softening is to reduce hardness, silica and other contaminants in water streams destined for use as Boiler Feed Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of Water Softening in the SAGD process, Describe and explain the pH Scale, Define an ion, anion, cation, ionic compound, and salts. Explain the relationship between pH and the solubility of…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Well Design chapter is to examine the factors that influence SAGD well positioning, and describe a typical SAGD well completion. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain the main factors that determine SAGD well positioning, State typical ranges for separation distances between the horizontal runs of injector and producer wells, and between the well pairs, State the purpose of…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Well Life Cycle chapter is to describe the start-up, plateau and decline phases of a SAGD well, and examine the factors influencing steam chamber growth and evolution. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe what SAGD is and how it works, Define the SAGD start-up, operational and decline phases, Describe steam and produced fluid flows through the wells during…
In the Contendo Fundamentals of SAGD Well Pads course, you will learn how high pressure steam is used to recover heavy bitumen to the surface, how lift gas enhances this recovery, and how the produced fluids are separated into liquid and gas components for transportation to the SAGD processing facility.
PURPOSE The purpose of the Well Pair Control System is to control the flows of high pressure steam and produced fluids at the well pairs. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Well Pair Control System. Describe the controls that regulate steam flow to the injector wells. Describe the instrumentation that monitors conditions at the injector wells. Explain the two…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Well Testing System is to calculate the amounts of oil, gas and water recovered by individual Producer Wells. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe how a producer well is lined up to the Test Separator for a test. Explain the Test Separator purging process, and its purpose, Name the parameters measured during a well test, Explain how each…