PURPOSE The purpose of the Critical Fuel Gas system is to provide fuel gas to users that are considered critical to Central Processing Facility operation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Critical Fuel Gas system. State the purpose of the Critical Fuel Gas Heater. Describe the operation of the Flare header Purge Gas valve. State the purpose of the…
PURPOSE The purpose of density adjustment is to reduce the density and viscosity of the bitumen in order to enhance oil and water phase separation, and to meet the pipeline specifications for transportation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe how the diluent supply is delivered to the site. Describe a diluent storage system. Describe how diluent is supplied to the process. And explain…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss why density adjustment of the recovered bitumen is necessary, and the products used as Diluent LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the API Gravity scale, Explain why blending Diluent into the Bitumen stream is necessary for successful SAGD operation. And, Explain the difference between Dilbit and Synbit.
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the types and characteristics of emulsions, how they are formed, and why they need to be broken. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define Emulsion. Describe how a SAGD emulsion is formed. Describe the types of SAGD emulsions. Describe the difference between a weak and a strong emulsion. Describe the general characteristics of a substance…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Flare system is to provide a safe means of collection and disposal for purge gases, waste products and relief vapors from the Central Processing Facility. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Flare system, State the main components of the Flare system, State why the Flare system must be continuously purged with fuel gas, Explain…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Flash Gas system is to condense and recover steam and hydrocarbon condensate liquids from the vapor stream leaving the Flash Treater. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Flash Gas system. Describe how the temperature of the Flash Gas stream exiting the Flash Gas Condenser is maintained. Describe the Flash Gas Separator and its outlet…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Flash Treater is to vaporize and remove water and light hydrocarbons from the slop oil stream to meet sales oil specifications. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Flash Treater, Describe how the Flash Treater produces sales quality oil, Describe how the flow of oil into the Flash Treater is pre-heated. Describe how the oil…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Gas Boot Compression Package is to remove gas from the Gas Boot to maintain the low operating pressure in the Gas Boot necessary for stabilization, and to compress the gas for use in the fuel gas system. he purpose of the Gas Boot Compression Package is to remove gas from the Gas Boot to maintain…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Gas Boot Condenser and Knock Out is to condense and remove liquids from the vapor stream that is recovered from the Sales Oil during stabilization. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Gas Boot Condenser Package. Explain why vapor cooling is required downstream of the Gas Boot Compressor. State where liquids removed from the Gas…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Gas Boot system is to stabilize the dilbit stream to a specific temperature and pressure to meet Sales Oil specifications. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Gas Boot. State why it is important to cool the dilbit before stabilization. Explain why the dilbit leaving the Sales Oil Trim Cooler is under pressure control. Explain…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Main Fuel Gas system is to provide purge, blanketing, make-up and fuel gas to the CPF process users. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the main fuel gas system. State why the main fuel gas flow is heated. State why the blanket gas supply to the FWKO and Treater is taken off prior to the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the mixed fuel gas separator is to remove the liquids entrained in the combined stream of fuel and process gases before it is used as fuel gas in the CPF steam generators. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Mixed Fuel Gas Separator. Describe the sources of the Mixed Fuel Gas stream. State why it is…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how process heat is recovered, and how liquids are condensed, from the produced gas stream in the produced gas condenser and trim condenser. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the purpose of the Produced Gas system. Identify the source and components that make up the Produced Gas. Explain how heat energy is recovered from…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Produced Gas Separator is to remove liquids from the gas stream, in order to provide dry fuel gas to the Central Processing Facility Fuel Gas System. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the purpose and design of the Produced Gas Separator, State the destinations of the 3 streams exiting the Produced Gas Separator, Describe how the liquid hydrocarbon…
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PURPOSE The purpose of the Sales and Off-Spec Oil system is to provide a storage buffer for sales oil between the Bitumen processing train and the product pipeline, and to provide off-spec sales oil storage and recycling capability. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Sales and Off-Spec Oil system, State the approximate water content limit for Sales Oil, State…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Sales Oil and LACT system is to ensure the Sales Oil entering the Sales Oil Pipeline meets all specifications. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Sales Oil and LACT system. Define the meaning of the acronym LACT. Describe the criteria for pipeline quality sales oil. State the purpose of the Shipping Booster Pump. Describe…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the Sales Oil Stabilization process. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define stabilized crude oil, Define Sales Oil, Describe how the sales oil is stabilized in the Gas Boot, Explain why it is important to cool the sales oil before it enters the Gas Boot, Define vapor pressure, And, Explain why inadequate stabilization can result…
PURPOSE The purpose of the bitumen inlet section is to prepare the produced fluid stream from the wells for separation in the Free Water Knock Out. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the composition of the produced fluids entering the CPF. State the purpose of flowing the produced fluids through an inlet separator. Describe a produced liquids cooling section, and state why it…
PURPOSE The purpose of Demulsifier injection is to aid in breaking water-in-oil emulsions in the time frame allowed by the oil-water separation process. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the type of emulsion that Demulsifier is designed to break. Describe a typical demulsifier injection system. Explain how the demulsifier pump injection rate is calibrated. And, Describe options for controlling the demulsifier injection rate.
PURPOSE The purpose of the Free Water Knock Out is to provide preliminary separation of the produced emulsion received from the well pads. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain how diluent and oil treatment chemicals enhance the separation process in the Free Water Knock Out. Describe a typical Free Water Knock Out pressure control system. Describe a basic Free Water Knock Out dilbit…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how demulsifying chemicals are used to aid the oil-water separation process, and to examine the operation of a typical Reverse Demulsifier Injection System. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain how chemical demulsifiers aid in breaking emulsions. State the type of emulsion that Reverse Demulsifier is designed to break. Explain the consequences of adding too…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the main types of separators found in SAGD operations, and to explain their basic operating principles. LEARNING OBJECTIVES escribe a separator and explain how it works. List the types of separators routinely used in a SAGD operation. Describe the variables which influence separation speed, and state which variable is most significant.…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Treater system is to remove residual moisture from wet dilbit and recycled off-spec sales oil, to meet the sales oil specification for water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the purpose of the Treater system. Describe the purpose of the Treater Feed Cooler. Describe why two chambers are required in an electrostatic treater. Explain why degassing chamber pressure…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to examine treater design and operating principles. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Treater system. Describe a typical emulsion entering the Treater. Describe the dilbit leaving the Treater. Describe two types of Treaters. Explain how the effect of an electrostatic field on a water droplet enhances the coalescence process. Name two types…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Slop Tank is to collect a number of possible feed streams that are high in oil or chemical content, as well as interface emulsions, and to hold these liquids so that gravity separation of the water and oil can occur. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Slop Tank, Describe the possible sources and types…
PURPOSE The purpose of the VRU Compressor and Discharge handling system is to compress the collected hydrocarbon vapors, to separate the streams components for reuse, and to reduce the amount sent to Flare. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the VRU Compressor, Describe the VRU Compressor Ring Water supply loop, Describe how the VRU Compressor is prevented from drawing a…
PURPOSE The purpose of hydrocarbon Vapor Recovery from the SAGD process is to recover as much of the usable hydrocarbon vapors vented from the CPF process vessels as possible, to compress the vapors for reuse, and to reduce the amount sent to Flare. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of Vapor Recovery from the SAGD process, State the sources of the…