PURPOSE The purpose of De-oiling Polymer is to destabilize the emulsion within the Induced Gas Flotation unit, allowing oil droplets to more easily coagulate and attach to gas bubbles, resulting in increased separation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe how de-oiling polymer acts to cause oil droplets to coagulate and attach to bubbles in the IGF unit, Describe a typical de-oiling polymer injection…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Sludge Centrifuge system is to separate the sludge generated in the Lime Softening process into disposable dewatered sludge and reusable supernatant water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener Sludge Centrifuge system, Explain why flushing capability is built into the design of Sludge Handling equipment, Explain how a centrifuge speeds up gravity…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Sludge Handling system is to receive and hold the sludge generated in the Lime Softening process until it can be transferred to the Sludge Centrifuge for separation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener Sludge Handling system, Define a Supernatant liquid, Describe the operation of the Sludge Transfer Pump, State the purpose…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Supernatant system is to receive and hold the supernatant water recovered from the Sludge Centrifuge, and to transfer the Supernatant to the Hot Lime Softener for processing. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener Supernatant system, Define Supernatant water, Describe the equipment included in the Supernatant system, Explain how the Supernatant Standpipe…
PURPOSE The purpose of Chemical Addition to the Hot Lime Softening process is to create the required chemical conditions for water softening and clarification. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of Chemical Addition to the Hot Lime Softener, Describe how Lime, Magnesium Oxide and Flocculant chemicals are delivered to the Hot Lime Softener, State how Lime and Magnesium Oxide dust is…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Hot Lime Softener is to reduce the amounts of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hardness, Silica, trace oil, and other suspended solids in water destined for use as Boiler Feed Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener, Describe the basic SAGD water cycle, State the key level that must be maintained in the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Hot Lime Softener is to remove Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hardness, Silica, other suspended solids, and trace Oil from water destined for use as Boiler Feed Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener, State the three main processes that occur within the Hot Lime Softener, Name six Zones or Compartments within the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Hot Lime Softener is to remove Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hardness, Silica, other suspended solids, and trace Oil from water destined for use as Boiler Feed Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Hot Lime Softener, State the three main processes that occur within the Hot Lime Softener, State the purpose of sludge recirculation, Describe…
PURPOSE The purpose of the IGF Unit is to remove trace oil and suspended solids from the Produced Water stream prior to filtration in the Oil Removal Filters. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Induced Gas Flotation unit, Explain how the IGF Produced Water flow is controlled, Describe the impact of the operating speed of the IGF Discharge Pump…
PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to describe the principles of Induced Gas Flotation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State why Natural Gas is the typical choice for induction in SAGD applications, Describe the basic Induced Gas Flotation process. Describe how bubble size and oil droplet size influence separation efficiency, State the 2 common types of gas induction methods, And, State the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Make-up Water system is to provide supplementary water for use in the Hot Lime Softener. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Make-up Water system, Describe how the well Make-up Water Control Logic communicates with the facility PCS, Explain how the Logic changes the Make-up Water flow rate, Describe the Make-up Water flow recycle loop,…
PURPOSE The purpose of an ORF Backwash is to regenerate the ORF Filter bed by washing trapped oil and solids from the Filter media. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of an ORF Backwash, Describe the various options used for determining when a Filter Backwash is required, And, Describe the basic steps involved in a Backwash, specifying the flows and actions…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Oil Removal Filters is to remove residual oil and solids from the Produced Water to meet specification for re-use or disposal. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of Oil Removal Filters in a Produced Water De-oiling train, State why walnut or pecan shells are used as the filter media in an Oil Removal Filter, State the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Produced Water Cooling train is to reduce the temperature of the Oily Produced Water to a set point prior to entering the Skim Tank, to avoid flashing the Produced Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the sources of the Oily Produced Water to be cooled, Explain why the Produced Water requires cooling prior to entering the Skim…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Produced Water Tank system is to hold Produced Water, and to supply feed water at specified pressure and temperature to the Hot Lime Softener, or HLS. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Produced Water Tank system, Describe the Produced Water Tank gas blanket system, Describe the Produced Water Tank sampling system, Describe how separated…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Recycle Tank is to accept various oily water streams with intermittent or fluctuating flow rates, to provide oil skimming of separated oil, and to act as an equalization tank to provide stable Produced Water flow to the Skim Tank. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Recycle Tank system, Describe why the Recycle Tank liquid…
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PURPOSE The purpose of the Skim Oil Handling system is to receive all oil skimmed from the Skim Tank and Recycle Tank, and to transfer the oil to the Slop Tank for reprocessing. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Skim Oil handling system, State the two sources of skimmed oil transferred by the Skim Oil Pump, And, describe the…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Skim Tank is to act as the primary gravity separation vessel in the Produced Water De-oiling train, providing retention time to separate the oil and water phases in the Oily Produced Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Skim Tank. State the relationship between the separation rate and the size of the droplets to…
PURPOSE The purpose of the Warm Lime Softener is to remove Hardness, Silica, other suspended solids, and trace Oil from water destined for use as Boiler Feed Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of the Warm Lime Softener, Name three main differences between a Hot and Warm Lime Softener, Describe the basic operating parameters of the Warm Lime Softener, Name…
PURPOSE The purpose of Water Softening is to reduce hardness, silica and other contaminants in water streams destined for use as Boiler Feed Water. LEARNING OBJECTIVES State the purpose of Water Softening in the SAGD process, Describe and explain the pH Scale, Define an ion, anion, cation, ionic compound, and salts. Explain the relationship between pH and the solubility of…